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Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms of Antagonism Between the BMP and Activin/TGF-? Signaling Pathways.

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MLA citation style (9th ed.)

Arthur JW, Hudnall, AM, and Lowery, Jonathan W. Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms of Antagonism Between the Bmp and Activin/tgf-? Signaling Pathways. . 7120. mushare.marian.edu/concern/generic_works/3c0472d0-b12c-45b9-9141-430974f18035?locale=en.

APA citation style (7th ed.)

A. Jw, H. Am, & L. J. W. (7120). Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms of Antagonism Between the BMP and Activin/TGF-? Signaling Pathways. https://mushare.marian.edu/concern/generic_works/3c0472d0-b12c-45b9-9141-430974f18035?locale=en

Chicago citation style (CMOS 17, author-date)

Arthur JW, Hudnall, AM, and Lowery, Jonathan W.. Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms of Antagonism Between the Bmp and Activin/tgf-? Signaling Pathways. 7120. https://mushare.marian.edu/concern/generic_works/3c0472d0-b12c-45b9-9141-430974f18035?locale=en.

Note: These citations are programmatically generated and may be incomplete.

The transforming growth factor ? (TGF-?) superfamily is a large group of signaling molecules that participate in embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tissue homeostasis. These molecules are present in all animal genomes. Dysfunction in the regulation or activity of this superfamily's components underlies numerous human diseases and developmental defects. There are 2 distinct arms downstream of the TGF-? superfamily ligands-the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and activin/TGF-? signaling pathways-and these 2 responses can oppose one another's effects, most notably in disease states. However, studies have commonly focused on a single arm of the TGF-? superfamily, and the antagonism between these pathways is unknown in most physiologic and pathologic contexts. In this review, the authors summarize the clinically relevant scenarios in which the BMP and activin/TGF-? pathways reportedly oppose one another and identify several molecular mechanisms proposed to mediate this interaction. Particular attention is paid to experimental findings that may be informative to human pathology to highlight potential therapeutic approaches for future investigation.

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  • The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

  • com_fp_5

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