Osteoblasts and bone marrow adipocytes originate from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and there appears to be a reciprocal relationship between adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Alterations in the balance between...
The transforming growth factor ? (TGF-?) superfamily is a large group of signaling molecules that participate in embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tissue homeostasis. These molecules are present in all animal genomes....
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway is a multi-member signaling cascade whose basic components are found in all animals. One member, BMP3, which arose more recently in evolution and is found only in deuterostomes,...
Antibiotic resistant (AR) bacteria pose a serious threat to an individual’s health, and the presence of AR genes can lead to the development of “superbugs” that are resistant to currently used antibiotics. Identifying local...
Antibiotic resistant (AR) bacteria pose a serious threat to an individual’s health, and the presence of AR genes can lead to the development of “superbugs” that are resistant to currently used antibiotics. Identifying local...
America is becoming increasingly diverse. Discrimination against minority groups persists and contributes to negative disparate outcomes for patients and healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals have a responsibility...
Successful fracture healing requires the simultaneous regeneration of both the bone and vasculature; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are directed to replace the bone tissue, while endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) form the new...