The transforming growth factor ? (TGF-?) superfamily is a large group of signaling molecules that participate in embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tissue homeostasis. These molecules are present in all animal genomes....
Successful fracture healing requires the simultaneous regeneration of both the bone and vasculature; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are directed to replace the bone tissue, while endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) form the new...
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 2 receptor ligand, Bmp2, is upregulated in the peripheral pulmonary vasculature during hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). This contrasts with the expression of Bmp4, which is...
Introduction: The didactic year in Marian University's Nurse Anesthesia program equips students with a comprehensive understanding of anesthesia's core concepts, including pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physics. The first...
Reductions in skeletal muscle mass and function are often reported in patients with cancer-associated weight loss and are associated with reduced quality of life, impaired treatment tolerance, and increased mortality. Although...
Ferric citrate (FC) is an approved therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) pa-
tients as a phosphate (Pi) binder for dialysis-dependent CKD, and for iron de-
ficiency anemia (IDA) in non-dialysis CKD. Elevated Pi and IDA...
Obesity is accompanied by numerous systemic and tissue-specific derangements, including systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial abnormalities in skeletal muscle. Despite growing recognition that adipose...
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for additional health precautions in medically fragile populations. COVID-19 is a respiratory virus demonstrating increased mortality in individuals with risk factors such as...
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has been linked to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Inhibitors of differentiation (ID) proteins (ID1-4) are a family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that...
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor-? family of ligands. BMPs exhibit widespread utility and pleiotropic, context-dependent effects, and the strength and...