... grossly underreported. This study aims to (1) assess chart review reliability in bovine arch ...
... identification; (2) determine recoarctation risk with a bovine arch; and (3) explore an anatomic explanation for ...
... patients with a bovine arch had a follow-up gradient of 20 mm Hg or greater. Only 5.7% (2/35) of patients ...
... then calculated across arch anatomies. Figure 1. (left) Normal anatomy (right) Bovine Arch variant A ...
... trunk to the proximal side of the left subclavian artery Clamping Index (CI) = !/" Figure 2. Bovine arch ...